Key Findings
This is a quick summary of the main discovery for each research paper we have published, organized issue by issue. Each key finding is below the article title, with a link to the abstract.
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February 2016
The relationship between player losses and gambling-related harm: evidence from nationally representative cross-sectional surveys in four countries
Contrary to previous reports, increased gambling losses appear to increase gambling-related harms according to a linear or r-shaped function, not a j-shaped function.
Does parental drinking influence children's drinking? A systematic review of prospective cohort studies
More parental drinking is associated with more drinking in offspring, but a causal connection has not yet been established.
Coolmine Therapeutic Community, Dublin: a 40-year history of Ireland's first voluntary drug treatment service
The history of Coolmine Therapeutic Community, Ireland's first voluntary drug treatment service in 1973, reflects changing perceptions of appropriate addiction treatment and appropriate funding relationships between statutory authorities and service providers.
Drinking and mortality: long-term follow-up of drinking-discordant twin pairs
Twin data from Finland show that monthly alcohol consumption and alcohol-induced blackouts are important factors leading to increased deaths in heavy drinkers.
Validation of an audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) version of the alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST) in primary care patients
The computer self-administered Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test appears to be a valid way to identify substance use in primary care patients.
An international systematic review of smoking prevalence in addiction treatment
Smoking prevalence is higher among people enrolled in addiction treatment compared with the general population. Within that group, smoking rates are higher in people being treated for opiate dependence compared with people being treated for alcohol use disorder.
Does promoting parents’ negative attitudes to underage drinking reduce adolescents’ drinking? The mediating process and moderators of the effects of the Örebro Prevention Programme
Increasing parents’ restrictive attitudes to youth drinking appears to reduce heavy underage drinking regardless of gender, immigrant status, parents’ and peers’ alcohol use and parent–youth relationship quality.
The importance of age groups in estimates of alcohol-attributable mortality: impact on trends in Switzerland between 1997 and 2011
Trends in alcohol-attributable mortality differ according to the upper age limit used for the estimates.
Prevalence of and motives for pharmacological neuroenhancement in Switzerland—results from a national internet panel
Taking prescription or recreational drugs for pharmacological neuroenhancement is rare among Swiss employees and students (4.0%), with mood enhancement (3.1%) more prevalent than cognitive enhancement (1.4%).
Declining and rebounding unhealthy alcohol consumption during the first year of HIV care in rural Uganda, using phosphatidylethanol to augment self-report
Unhealthy alcohol use among Ugandan adults entering HIV care declines prior to the start of anti-retroviral therapy but rebounds with time. The alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol increases detection of unhealthy alcohol use.
Treatment for hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs attending opioid substitution treatment and community health clinics: the ETHOS Study
People with a history of injecting drug use and chronic hepatitis C virus attending opioid substitution treatment and community health clinics adhere to, and respond to, interferon-based therapy similarly to other populations.
Impact of treatment for opioid dependence on fatal drug-related poisoning: a national cohort study in England
Patients who receive only psychological support for opioid dependence in England appear to be at greater risk of fatal opioid poisoning than those who receive pharmacotherapy.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of clinical smoking cessation interventions in Thailand
In middle-income countries such as Thailand, nortriptyline and varenicline appear to provide cost-effective clinical options to help smokers quit.
Enhancing Quit & Win contests to improve cessation among college smokers: a randomized clinical trial
Multiple Quit & Win contests appear to increase smoking abstinence rates in college students more than single contests.
Behavioral associations with waterpipe tobacco smoking dependence among US young adults
A new waterpipe tobacco smoking dependence scale created by adapting traditional tobacco dependence measures appears to be a valid tool for measuring dependence.
Are financial incentives cost-effective to support smoking cessation during pregnancy?
Financial incentives for smoking cessation in pregnancy are highly cost-effective.